How is the maximum load per cross-sectional area (CSA) calculated?

The maximum load per cross-sectional area (CSA) is derived from the concept of pressure, where pressure is defined as force per unit area. In this scenario, the maximum load is evaluated based on the formula for the cross-sectional area of a circular section, which is given by the equation A = π r², where r is the radius of the circle.

To find the maximum load per unit area, you typically take a specific maximum force. In this case, the number 198 is likely representing a specific force applied to the area. When calculating the maximum load per cross-sectional area, you would divide that force (198 in this instance) by the area of the circular cross-section. Since the area is π r², this gives the formula for maximum load per CSA as:

Maximum Load per CSA = 198 / (π r²).

This formula effectively correlates the applied force to the size of the cross-sectional area through which it is distributed, indicating how pressure is calculated in engineering applications. Thus, option B correctly captures this relationship by using the correct formula for the area of a circle in the denominator.