Hydrometallurgy relies on which method for ore extraction?

Hydrometallurgy is a metal extraction process that primarily involves the use of aqueous solutions to dissolve the ore. This method allows for the selective leaching of metals from the ore, making it a highly effective approach for extracting valuable metals, particularly those that are soluble in water or can be converted into soluble forms.

In hydrometallurgy, chemicals can be added to the aqueous solution to enhance the leaching process, promoting the breakdown of the mineral matrix and allowing the desired metal ions to enter the solution. This technique is notably employed for extracting metals like copper, gold, and silver from their ores. The use of water or dilute solutions in this process is what differentiates hydrometallurgy from other metal extraction methods, such as pyrometallurgy, which uses heat to process ores or physical methods that manipulate ore through mechanical means.

The focus on aqueous solutions makes hydrometallurgy an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional methods, as it often involves fewer greenhouse gas emissions and can utilize renewable energy sources more effectively. Overall, this method stands out for its efficiency in recovering metals while minimizing waste and energy consumption.