What does the term 'substrate' specifically refer to?

The term 'substrate' specifically refers to the surface of an adherend. In the context of engineering and materials science, a substrate is the underlying material or surface onto which another substance, such as an adhesive, coating, or layer, is applied. It is important to understand that the properties and characteristics of the substrate can significantly influence the performance and adhesion of the subsequent material.

For example, when working with adhesives, the type and condition of the substrate will affect how well the adhesive bonds to it. Different substrates may require specific surface preparation or treatment to enhance the adhesion quality. Hence, understanding what constitutes a substrate enables engineers and technicians to make informed decisions about material compatibility, surface preparation, and application techniques.