What is polymerisation?

Polymerisation is the process in which small molecules called monomers are chemically bonded together to form a larger, more complex structure known as a polymer. This is a fundamental concept in materials science and engineering, as it underpins the creation of a vast array of materials, including plastics, rubbers, and various synthetic fibers.

In this process, the монomers undergo a chemical reaction, often through mechanisms such as addition polymerisation or condensation polymerisation. Addition polymerisation involves the joining of monomers with double bonds, turning them into single bonds within the new polymer chain. Condensation polymerisation, on the other hand, releases smaller molecules, such as water, as byproducts during the formation of the polymer.

Understanding polymerisation is essential for engineering practices because it informs the properties and applications of the resulting materials. For example, adjustments during the polymerisation process can lead to variations in strength, flexibility, and thermal stability, enabling engineers to tailor materials to specific applications. This knowledge is fundamental for anyone involved in the design, manufacturing, or recycling of polymer-based products.

Alternative processes mentioned in the other choices, such as recycling or breaking down polymers, do not describe polymerisation itself, as they focus more on the degradation or reuse of existing polymers rather