What is the function of a transformer in electrical systems?

The function of a transformer in electrical systems is fundamentally about transforming electrical current at varying voltages. This device operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing it to efficiently change the voltage of alternating current (AC) while keeping the power level consistent (minus losses due to inefficiency).

When electricity travels through a transformer, the alternating current induces a magnetic field in its coils, which in turn affects other coils in the transformer. By changing the number of turns in the primary coil compared to the secondary coil, the transformer can either increase (step up) or decrease (step down) the voltage. This capability is critical in power distribution systems, where high voltage is necessary for efficient long-distance transmission, while lower voltage is needed for residential use.

Other options do not accurately describe the primary function of a transformer. Storing electrical energy pertains to devices like capacitors or batteries, while converting direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) involves technologies like inverters rather than transformers. Providing current to devices is a broader function of electrical systems, not specific to the transformer.