What is the primary function of the arc in Electric Arc Welding?

The primary function of the arc in Electric Arc Welding is to produce a high temperature for melting metal. In this welding process, an electric arc is established between the welding electrode and the workpiece, generating intense heat that can exceed temperatures of 6000 degrees Fahrenheit (around 3300 degrees Celsius). This extreme heat is essential for melting the base metal and filler metal, allowing them to fuse together during the welding process.

When the arc strikes, it creates a localized heat zone that is capable of melting both the electrode and the surrounding metal. This is vital for achieving a strong and durable weld joint. The high temperature also facilitates the formation of a molten weld pool that, once cooled, solidifies to form a strong bond between the joined materials.

While illuminating the workpiece can be a secondary effect of the arc, its primary role centers around generating the heat necessary for melting metals. Shielding for the weld pool is achieved through other means, such as shielding gas or flux, rather than the arc itself. Additionally, while electrical resistance is a factor in the functioning of the arc, it is not the main purpose of its creation in this context. The focus of Electric Arc Welding is predominantly on achieving the temperatures needed to melt and fuse metals effectively.