What method does flotation utilize for ore separation?

Flotation is a widely used method for separating valuable minerals from ore, and it specifically utilizes the process of swirling ore mixtures in tanks with air and chemicals.

In flotation, the ore is first ground to a fine particle size to liberate the valuable minerals from the waste rock. The fine particle mixture is then mixed with water and certain chemicals known as flotation reagents. These reagents, such as collectors, frothers, and modifiers, help to alter the surface properties of the particles.

When air is introduced into the mixture, bubbles form and attach to the hydrophobic (water-repelling) mineral particles, causing them to float to the surface while the hydrophilic (water-attracting) particles sink. This floating froth can then be skimmed off, effectively separating the desired minerals from the bulk of the unwanted material.

The effectiveness of flotation relies heavily on the unique chemical properties of the minerals involved and their interaction with water, air, and the added reagents, making this option the correct answer for the method utilized in ore separation.