Which engineer is credited with the invention of the compress charge internal combustion engine?

The invention of the compressed charge internal combustion engine is attributed to Nicolaus Otto, who designed the first successful Four-Stroke engine in 1876. Otto’s design introduced the concept of compressing the fuel-air mixture before ignition, which significantly improved the efficiency and power output of the engine. This engine employed a four-stroke cycle: intake, compression, power, and exhaust, which is still the fundamental principle used in many internal combustion engines today.

Otto's innovations included not only the four-stroke cycle but also advancements in engine design that contributed to more reliable and practical engines for various applications, including automotive power. His work laid the foundation for the development of modern internal combustion engines, and he is often referred to as the father of the compressed-charge engine due to his pioneering contributions to this field.

The other individuals listed do not have achievements tied to the development of the internal combustion engine in the same way. For instance, Robert Boyle is chiefly known for his work in gas laws, Mary Anderson is noted for her invention related to windshield wipers, and John Philip Holland is recognized for his contributions to submarine engineering, particularly with the development of the first successful submarines. Each of their contributions is significant in their respective fields but does not pert