Which testing method is employed to detect flaws in conductive materials?

The detection of flaws in conductive materials using the Eddy Current Test is rooted in the principles of electromagnetism. This non-destructive testing method involves inducing eddy currents within the conductive material under inspection through the application of alternating electromagnetic fields. When these eddy currents encounter flaws or discontinuities in the material—such as cracks, voids, or changes in material properties—they produce changes in the electromagnetic field, which can be measured.

One of the significant advantages of eddy current testing is its sensitivity to surface and near-surface defects, and it can be applied to a variety of conductive materials, including metals. The method is widely used in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing for ensuring the integrity of components without damaging the material being tested.

Other methods presented in the choices have different principles and applications. X-ray testing relies on the penetration of X-rays through materials to reveal internal structures, but it is not limited to conductive materials specifically and is generally used for more extensive examinations or analysis. Creep tests evaluate the behavior of materials under stress and temperature over time—this method is inappropriate for flaw detection. Dye penetrant testing is utilized for detecting surface flaws on non-porous materials through the use of visible or fluorescent dyes; however,